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Hill tribe ((タイ語:ชาวเขา, คนเขา), (:tɕʰāːw.kʰǎw, kʰōn.kʰǎw)); (Northern Thai: จาวดอย, คนดอย, ; "mountain people/folk")〔(English-Thai dictionary entry for "hill tribe" )〕 is a term used in Thailand for all of the various ethnic groups who mostly inhabit the high mountainous Northern and Western regions of Thailand, including both sides of the border areas between Northern Thailand, Laos and Burma, the Phi Pan Nam Range, the Thanon Range, the latter a southern prolongation of the Shan Hills, as well as the Tenasserim Hills in Western Thailand. These areas are known for their often mountainous terrain which is in some areas covered by thick forests, while in others it has been heavily affected by deforestation.〔(Forest data: Thailand Deforestation Rates )〕 The hill dwelling peoples have traditionally been primarily subsistence farmers who use slash and burn agricultural techniques to farm their heavily forested communities. Popular perceptions that slash and burn practices are environmentally destructive, government concerns over borderland security, and population pressure has caused the government to forcibly relocate many hill tribe peoples. Traditionally, hill tribes were also a migratory people, leaving land as it became depleted of natural resources or when trouble arose. A 2013 article in Bangkok Post said that "Nearly a million hill peoples and forest dwellers are still treated as outsiders—criminals even, since most live in protected forests. Viewed as national security threats, hundreds of thousands of them are refused citizenship although many are natives to the land".〔(Time ripe for whole new take on 'Thainess' )〕 ==The term "hill tribe"== In the 19th century the people living in the mountain ranges were the largest non-Buddhist group in Thailand. Their mountain locations were then considered remote and of difficult access.〔 In the Thai official documents the term "hill tribe" (''Chao Khao'') began to appear in the 1960s. This term highlights a "hill and valley" dichotomy that is based on an ancient social relationship existing in most of Northern and Western Thailand, as well as in Sipsongpanna and Northern Vietnam. For the most part the Dai/Tai/Thai people occupied the more fertile intermontane basins and the valleys, while the less powerful groups lived in the less rich higher altitudes. This dichotomy was often also characterized by a master/serf relationship.〔Kusuma Snitwongse & W Scott Thompson eds. ''Ethnic Conflicts in Southeast Asia'', Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (October 14, 2005) ISBN 978-9812303370, pg. 157〕 Currently "highland Thais" is a more recent term also used to designate the people groups living in the mountainous areas.〔Sukrittaya Jukping, ''Mae Khru Khong Chaat: A study of women teachers of Thai hilltribe children.'' University of Iowa, 2008, ISBN 9780549750161, pg. 3〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hill tribe (Thailand)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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